County / State: July 2026

Citation: Catalyst California; RACE COUNTS, racecounts.org, 2026.

Notes on Racial-Ethnic Categories

Race is a social construct and a biological construct, neither of which are discussed in depth in this analysis. Thus, we use a simplified view of race to portray racial data to a broader audience. Ethnicity is also treated lightly, and while Latinx is an ethnicity, it is generally treated and spoken about as a race, even though Latinxs can be of any race. Additionally, each data source uses slightly different terminology and categorization. Considering all these factors, we use one simplified set of labels for the RACE COUNTS website and publications for consistency while maintaining fidelity to the data sources as much as possible.

This analysis focuses on disaggregation of the Asian and Pacific Islander races. Due to data limitations, the names and number of subgroups for each indicator varies. We have used the subgroup names provided by the data source for each indicator.

To find out more about our race and ethnicity methods, please see our Race & Ethnicity Methodology documentation.

Demographics

Population

Indicator: Asian Alone or in Combination by Selected Subgroups

People who identify as Asian. Rates represent the percentage each subgroup represents out of all people who identify as Asian.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02018 (2020-2024)

Link(s): https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup or race including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: N/A

Population

Indicator: Pacific Islander Alone or in Combination by Selected Subgroups

People who identify as Pacific Islander. Rates represent the percentage each subgroup represents out of all people who identify as Pacific Islander.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02019 (2020-2024)

Link(s): https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup or race including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: N/A

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Democracy

Voter Engagement

Indicator: US Citizens Engaged in National, State, and Local Elections (%)

Percentage of US citizens who are always or frequently engaged in national, state, and local elections. Respondents were asked a series of consecutive questions asking respondents if they ever voted in national, state and local elections.

Data is only available for Asian subgroups. Southwest Asian / North African estimates are from 2022-2024 only.

Catalyst California excluded values where a CHIS 95% confidence interval denoted that an estimate was statistically unstable.

Source: California Health Interview Survey (2019-2024)

Link(s): http://ask.chis.ucla.edu/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, and Southwest Asian / North African are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and White are Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Latinx includes all races.

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Economic Opportunity

Connected Youth

Indicator: Youth in School and/or Employed (%)

Connected youth refers to the percentage of youth ages 16-24, who are currently in school and/or employed. The rate is calculated as the number of youth, ages 16-24, who are currently in school and/or employed as a percentage of all youth.

Catalyst California excluded data for groups with fewer than 400 youth and values with low reliability based on the coefficient of variation, one of the Census Bureau’s statistical quality standard measures. Low reliability here refers to values with coefficients of variation over 20%.

Catalyst California assigned PUMA data to geographies based on population weight.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year PUMS Estimates (2020-2024)

Link(s): https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/microdata/access.html

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities. Subgroups are defined by Ancestry (ANC1P/ANC2P).

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, and Southwest Asian / North African (SWANA) are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. SWANA are defined by Ancestry (ANC1P/ANC2P). Asian, Black, White, and Another Race are Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

Employment

Indicator: Employment Ratio (%)

Persons employed as a percentage of total population age 16 to 64. This category includes all civilians 16 years old and over who either (1) were “at work,” that is, those who did any work at all during the reference week as paid employees, worked in their own business or profession, worked on their own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers on a family farm or in a family business; or (2) were “with a job but not at work,” that is, those who did not work during the reference week but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather, industrial dispute, vacation, or other personal reasons. Excluded from the employed are people whose only activity consisted of work around the house or unpaid volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations; also excluded are all institutionalized people and people on active duty in the United States Armed Forces.

Catalyst California excluded data for groups with fewer than 150 people and values with low reliability based on the coefficient of variation, one of the Census Bureau’s statistical quality standard measures. Low reliability here refers to values with coefficients of variation over 40%.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B23025 (2017-2021)

Link(s): https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native, and Pacific Islander are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and Another Race are Latinx-inclusive and One Race Alone. White is Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

Internet Access

Indicator: People with Internet Access (%)

Persons in households who owned or used a computer and accessed the Internet through a service such as a data plan for a mobile phone, a cable modem, DSL, or other type of service.

Catalyst California excluded data for groups with fewer than 100 people and values with low reliability based on the coefficient of variation, one of the Census Bureau’s statistical quality standard measures. Low reliability here refers to values with coefficients of variation over 40%.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B28002 (2017-2021)

Link(s): https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native and Pacific Islander are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and Another Race are Latinx-inclusive and One Race Alone. White is Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

Living Wage

Indicator: People Earning a Living Wage (%)

People ages 18-64 who are in the labor force and who earn $15.50 or more per hour as a percentage of all people ages 18-64 who are in the labor force.

Catalyst California excluded data for groups with fewer than 400 people and values with low reliability based on the coefficient of variation, one of the Census Bureau’s statistical quality standard measures. Catalyst California excluded estimates for groups with less than 400 people and low reliability estimates based on coefficient of variation. Low reliability here refers to values with coefficients of variation over 30%.

Catalyst California assigned PUMA data to geographies based on population weight.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year PUMS Estimates (2020-2024)

Link(s): https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/microdata/access.html

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities. Subgroups are defined by Ancestry (ANC1P/ANC2P).

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, and Southwest Asian / North African (SWANA) are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. SWANA are defined by Ancestry (ANC1P/ANC2P). Asian, Black, White, and Another Race are Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

Officials and Managers

Indicator: Employment as Officials or Managers per 1,000 People

People ages 18-64 who are in the labor force and employed as officials or managers as a percentage of all people ages 18-64 who are in the labor force. Officials and managers are those workers with the 2018 Standard Occupation Classification code of Manager (SOC = 11…).

Catalyst California excluded data for groups with fewer than 400 people and values with low reliability based on the coefficient of variation, one of the Census Bureau’s statistical quality standard measures. Low reliability here refers to values with coefficients of variation over 20%.

Catalyst California assigned PUMA data to geographies based on population weight.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year PUMS Estimates (2020-2024)

Link(s): https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/microdata/access.html

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities. Subgroups are defined by Ancestry (ANC1P/ANC2P).

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, and Southwest Asian / North African (SWANA) are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. SWANA are defined by Ancestry (ANC1P/ANC2P). Asian, Black, White, and Another Race are Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

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Health Care Access

Got Help

Indicator: Adults who Got Help for Mental/Emotional or Alcohol/Drug Issues (%)

Adults seeking and receiving treatment for self-identified mental/emotional or alcohol/drug issues in the past year. Respondents were asked “Was there ever a time during the past 12 months when you felt that you might need to see a professional because of problems with your mental health emotions or nerves or your use of alcohol or drugs?” and “In the past 12 months have you seen your primary care physician or any other professional, such as a counselor, psychiatrist, or social worker for problems with your mental health, emotions, nerves or your use of alcohol or drugs?” Corresponding source variables: AF74, AF75, AF81.

Data is only available for Asian subgroups. Southwest Asian / North African estimates are from 2022-2024 only.

Catalyst California excluded values where a CHIS 95% confidence interval denoted that an estimate was statistically unstable.

Source: California Health Interview Survey (2017-2024)

Link(s): http://ask.chis.ucla.edu/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, and Southwest Asian / North African are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and White are Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Latinx includes all races.

Health Insurance

Indicator: Uninsured People (%)

Civilian noninstitutionalized population without health insurance.

Catalyst California excluded data for groups with fewer than 130 people and values with low reliability based on the coefficient of variation, one of the Census Bureau’s statistical quality standard measures. Low reliability here refers to values with coefficients of variation over 40%.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B27001 (2017-2021)

Link(s): https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native and Pacific Islander are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and Another Race are Latinx-inclusive and One Race Alone. White is Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

Low Birthweight

Indicator: Low Birthweight Births (%)

Infants born at low birthweight (less than 2,500 grams or about 5 lbs, 8 oz) of all live births, by race/ethnicity and birth country of birthing parent. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suppresses data for groups with fewer than 10 births and for areas with fewer than 100,000 people to protect privacy.

Source: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Vital Statistics, CDC WONDER Online Database (2016-2024)

Link(s): https://wonder.cdc.gov/natality-expanded-current.html

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups, except for Native Hawaiian, include foreign-born birthing parents only and are defined by race/ethnicity and country of birth. They are Latinx-inclusive and Asian and/or Pacific Islander Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup and race including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities. The Native Hawaiian subgroup includes US-born birthing parents who are that race alone and is Latinx-inclusive.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: Southwest Asian / North African (SWANA) include foreign-born birthing parents only and are defined by country of birth. SWANA, American Indian / Alaska Native, and Pacific Islander are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, White, and Another Race are Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

Usual Source of Care

Indicator: People with a Usual Source of Care (%)

Percentage of Population whose Usual Source of Care is doctor’s office, HMO, Kaiser, community or government clinic, or hospital clinic. Respondents were asked: “{What kind of place do you go to most often -a medical/Is your doctor in a private} doctor’s office, a clinic or hospital clinic, an emergency room, or some other place?” Corresponding source variable(s): USUAL5TP.

Data is only available for Asian subgroups. Southwest Asian / North African estimates are from 2022-2024 only.

Catalyst California excluded values where a CHIS 95% confidence interval denoted that an estimate was statistically unstable.

Source: California Health Interview Survey (2017-2024)

Link(s): http://ask.chis.ucla.edu/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, and Southwest Asian / North African are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and White are Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Latinx includes all races.

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Healthy Built Environment

Asthma

Indicator: People ever Diagnosed with Asthma (%)

People who have been told they have asthma per 100 people. This indicator presents survey responses of children, teens, and adults who answered yes to the question, “Has a doctor ever told you that you have asthma?”.

Data is only available for Asian subgroups. Southwest Asian / North African estimates are from 2022-2024 only.

Catalyst California excluded values where a CHIS 95% confidence interval denoted that an estimate was statistically unstable.

Source: California Health Interview Survey (2017-2024)

Link(s): http://ask.chis.ucla.edu/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, and Southwest Asian / North African are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and White are Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Latinx includes all races.

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Housing

Denied Mortgage Applications

Indicator: Denied Mortgage Applications (%)

Only mortgage applications for home purchases were included. The loan were secured by a first lien for housing with one to four units. Applications are disaggregated based on applicant’s self-identification. Mortgage applications that resulted in loan origination or denial by the financial institution were included. Applications that were withdrawn, approved but not accepted, or incomplete were excluded from this analysis. Catalyst California has calculated the multi-year sums of denied mortgages and the multi-year average mortgage denial rates. Subgroup data differs from estimates by race because the subgroup data is based on only applicant race, while the data by race comes from a combination of applicant and co-applicant races.

Groups with fewer than 15 applications were screened out to remove outlier impacts.

Source: Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (2019-2023)

Link(s): https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/hmda/explore

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native and Pacific Islander are Latinx-inclusive and One Race Alone. Asian, Black, and White are Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Latinx includes all races.

Homeownership

Indicator: Homeownership (%)

Owner-occupied housing units out of all occupied units.

Catalyst California excluded data for groups with fewer than 100 owner-occupied housing units and values with low reliability based on the coefficient of variation, one of the Census Bureau’s statistical quality standard measures. Low reliability here refers to values with coefficients of variation over 40%.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Tables B25003 (2017-2021)

Link(s): https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native and Pacific Islander are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and Another Race are Latinx-inclusive and One Race Alone. White is Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

Housing Cost Burden (Owner)

Indicator: Housing Cost Burden (Owner) (%)

Owner-occupied housing units where owner spends more than 30% of income on housing and related costs, out of all owner-occupied housing units.

Catalyst California excluded data for groups with fewer than 100 housing units and values with low reliability based on the coefficient of variation, one of the Census Bureau’s statistical quality standard measures. Low reliability here refers to values with coefficients of variation over 35%.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B25091 (2017-2021)

Link(s): https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/cp.html

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native and Pacific Islander are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and Another Race are Latinx-inclusive and One Race Alone. White is Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

Housing Cost Burden (Renter)

Indicator: Housing Cost Burden (Renter) (%)

Renter-occupied housing units where renter spends more than 30% of income on housing and related costs, out of all renter-occupied housing units.

Catalyst California excluded data for groups with fewer than 100 housing units and values with low reliability based on the coefficient of variation, one of the Census Bureau’s statistical quality standard measures. Low reliability here refers to values with coefficients of variation over 35%.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B25070 (2017-2021)

Link(s): https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/cp.html

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native and Pacific Islander are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and Another Race are Latinx-inclusive and One Race Alone. White is Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

Housing Quality

Indicator: Low-Quality Housing (Lack of Available Kitchen, Plumbing, or Heat) (%)

Housing units that lack kitchen, plumbing, or heat out of all housing units.

Catalyst California excluded races with fewer than 150 housing units and values with low reliability based on the coefficient of variation. Low reliability here refers to values with coefficients of variation over 35%.

Catalyst California assigned PUMA data to geographies based on population weight.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year PUMS Estimates (2020-2024)

Link(s): https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/microdata/access.html

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities. Subgroups are defined by Ancestry (ANC1P/ANC2P).

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, and Southwest Asian / North African (SWANA) are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. SWANA are defined by Ancestry (ANC1P/ANC2P). Asian, Black, White, and Another Race are Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

Overcrowded Housing

Indicator: Overcrowded Housing Units (%)

Housing units with more than one occupant per room out of all occupied units.

Catalyst California excluded data for groups with fewer than 100 occupied housing units and values with low reliability based on the coefficient of variation, one of the Census Bureau’s statistical quality standard measures. Low reliability here refers to values with coefficients of variation over 40%.

Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Tables B25014 (2017-2021)

Link(s): https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native and Pacific Islander are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and Another Race are Latinx-inclusive and One Race Alone. White is Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Multiracial is Latinx-inclusive. Latinx includes all races.

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Safety & Justice

Perception of Safety

Indicator: Adults who Feel Safe in Their Neighborhood (%)

Adults who reported feeling safe in their neighborhood all or most of the time.

Data is only available for Asian subgroups. Southwest Asian / North African estimates are from 2022-2024 only.

Catalyst California excluded values where a CHIS 95% confidence interval denoted that an estimate was statistically unstable.

Source: California Health Interview Survey (2017-2024)

Link(s): http://ask.chis.ucla.edu/

Subgroup Categories: Subgroups are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the subgroup or race including in combination with other subgroups, races, and/or ethnicities.

Racial-Ethnic Categories: American Indian / Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, and Southwest Asian / North African are Latinx-inclusive and Alone or in Combination, which means they include all people who identify as the race including in combination with other races and/or ethnicities. Asian, Black, and White are Latinx-exclusive and One Race Alone. Latinx includes all races.

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